Sacred Valley of the Incas

About the Sacred Valley of the Incas, Peru 

The Sacred Valley of the Incas is a region in Peru that was once the heartland of the Inca Empire. Stretching from the ancient city of Cusco to the majestic citadel of Machu Picchu, this ancient civilization valued the valley for its agricultural abundance and spiritual significance.  

The Sacred Valley was also home to some of the most prominent Inca rulers, including Pachacuti, who is credited with transforming the empire into a dominant force and commissioning iconic sites like Machu Picchu and Ollantaytambo.  

Later, Manco Inca used the valley as a strategic stronghold during his resistance against Spanish forces in the 16th century. These rulers left behind extraordinary architectural feats—terraces, temples, and ancient ceremonial sites—that still stand as a testament to their ingenuity and vision.  

In contrast, the Spanish colonial presence left a different legacy, marked by the construction of haciendas, churches, and new societal structures. This blending of Inca heritage and colonial influence is a unique aspect of the Sacred Valley and adds to its charm. 

Today, the valley is a tapestry of small villages and towns, each offering its own unique attractions. From the vibrant artisan markets of Pisac and the well-preserved stonework of Ollantaytambo to the stunning salt pans of Maras and the weaving traditions of Chinchero, these communities provide an immersive experience into Andean culture and history that continues to captivate visitors today.  

The Sacred Valley of the Incas is a living testament to Andean culture, where the past and present seamlessly intertwine, creating a dynamic cultural experience unlike any other. 

Altitude 

An important aspect to consider when visiting the Sacred Valley is its altitude. Located at elevations ranging from 2,800 meters (9,200 feet) in Pisac to 2,050 meters (6,725 feet) near Ollantaytambo, the Sacred Valley is lower than Cusco, which sits at 3,400 meters (11,155 feet).  

This makes the valley a more comfortable place for travelers to acclimate to the high-altitude environment of the Andes. However, visitors should still take precautions, such as staying hydrated and avoiding strenuous activities upon arrival. 

In addition to altitude, the climate in the Sacred Valley is temperate with warm days and cooler nights, especially at higher elevations. The dry season runs from May to September, bringing sunny, clear skies ideal for exploring. Conversely, the rainy season from October to April brings afternoon showers and occasionally thunderstorms. Whether during the dry or wet season, the valley's unique climate adds to the richness of the place. 

Location 

The Sacred Valley is situated in the southeastern region of Peru, about 20 kilometers (12 miles) from the city of Cusco. The valley runs northwest from Cusco and its strategic location made the Sacred Valley a vital hub for trade, agriculture, and spiritual ceremonies during the time of the Incas. Today, its proximity to Machu Picchu makes it a popular route for travelers wanting to discover the ancient citadel.  

For those heading to Machu Picchu, the Ollantaytambo train station is a key departure point. From here, visitors can catch a scenic train ride through the picturesque valley, traveling along the Urubamba River. The train journey takes approximately 1.5 to 2 hours and offers breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains.  

Upon arrival at the Aguas Calientes station, travelers can then take a short bus ride up to the entrance of Machu Picchu, where they can explore the site during scheduled entrance times. The combination of train and bus makes reaching Machu Picchu relatively simple and accessible, with several daily departures to accommodate visitors from all over the world. 

Rivers 

The Sacred Valley is renowned for its fertile land, thanks to the presence of rivers like the Urubamba River, which winds its way through the landscape.  

The Inca people, recognizing the river's significance, developed sophisticated systems of canals to harness the water for irrigation, allowing them to cultivate crops in otherwise challenging areas. These ingenious irrigation systems provided vital water for agriculture that local communities still rely upon today for their crops.  

This mighty river meanders gently through much of the valley, but, depending on the time of year, the river transforms in places, with sections giving way to thrilling rapids, especially during the rainy season. Along its course, the Urubamba flows past iconic sites like Ollantaytambo and Machu Picchu, its changing nature reflecting the dynamic relationship between the land and the people who have depended on it for centuries.  

Cusco and the Sacred Valley of the Incas 

Cusco, the gateway to the Sacred Valley, was the capital of the Inca Empire and remains a vibrant city steeped in history and culture. Historically, Cusco and the Sacred Valley of the Incas were inextricably linked not just by proximity but by their shared role in the empire’s grand infrastructure. The valley was a crucial agricultural hub, feeding the capital, while Cusco served as the political, religious, and cultural heart of the empire.  

The journey from Cusco to the valley is typically accessed via the Cusco-Pisac Road (Ruta Cusco-Pisac) or the Chinchero-Urubamba Road, and the drive takes about 1 to 1.5 hours, depending on your destination within the valley. Many travelers use Cusco as a base for day trips or multi-day excursions, exploring its many sites and attractions.

Things to do in sacred valley 

The Sacred Valley is a hub of activities for adventurers, history buffs, and cultural enthusiasts alike. Here are some of the top things to do during your visit: 

Explore Archaeological Sites 

• Pisac: Famous for its terraced hillsides and vibrant artisan market, Pisac is an excellent introduction to the valley’s archaeological wonders. 
• Maras and Moray: Located close to one another, these two sites can be easily visited in a single trip. Moray is famous for its circular terraces, thought to have been an Inca agricultural research station, showcasing the Inca’s advanced understanding of microclimates. Nearby, the Maras Salt Mines feature thousands of terraced salt pools that have been harvested since pre-Inca times.  
• Chinchero: Home to colonial-era churches and stunning views of the surrounding mountain ranges, Chinchero is also renowned for its traditional weaving techniques. Witness the artistry and craftsmanship that have defined the village for centuries. 
• Ollantaytambo: Known as the "Living Inca Town," Ollantaytambl offers a glimpse into both ancient and contemporary life. The site features impressive fortress ruins and cobblestone streets with water canals that still carry fresh water from the surrounding mountains.  

Adventure Activities 

• Hiking and Trekking: The Sacred Valley offers trails for all levels, from short walks to challenging multi-day treks.  
• Mountain Biking: Biking in the Sacred Valley is some of the best in the world, with routes passing through scenic villages, terraced landscapes and ancient sites. 
• Rafting: The Urubamba River provides thrilling whitewater rafting or kayaking opportunities, especially during the rainy season. 

Nature-Based Activities 

• Birdwatching at Ensifera Camp: Enjoy a unique birdwatching experience in the Sacred Valley at Ensifera Camp, a protected garden created by local farmer and bird enthusiast César. At 3,000 meters above sea level, this biodiverse haven attracts a variety of endemic hummingbirds and other bird species. 
• Stargazing: Experience guided stargazing tours and enjoy breathtaking views of the constellations. With minimal light pollution, the Sacred Valley provides the perfect setting for a memorable "once in a lifetime" celestial adventure, with some hotels offering prime viewing locations or short transfers to the best spots. 

Cultural Experiences 

• Local Markets: Visit bustling markets in Pisac, Urubamba, or Ollantaytambo to shop for handmade crafts, textiles, and fresh produce. These markets are an essential part of daily life in the Sacred Valley, where local communities gather to sell their goods, trade, and connect with one another.  
• Traditional Cuisine and Cooking Classes: The Sacred Valley is a haven for food lovers. Don’t miss trying cuy (guinea pig), choclo con queso (corn with cheese), and dishes featuring quinoa or potatoes, all staples of Andean cuisine. Or learn to prepare traditional Peruvian dishes using fresh and locally sourced ingredients. 
• Pablo Seminario Ceramic Workshop: Immerse yourself in ancient pre-Columbian ceramic techniques at Pablo Seminario's workshop in Urubamba. Create your own clay plate using traditional methods, offering a unique souvenir from your experience.  
• Weaving Workshops: Visit with local artisans in Chinchero, many of whom have passed down their skills through generations, for a workshop or demonstration to understand the intricate process behind Andean textiles.

The Sacred Valley of the Incas is an experience that connects visitors to Peru’s history, culture, and natural beauty. Ready to explore? Let the Sacred Valley enchant you with its timeless charm.